By |Published On: October 30th, 2024|Categories: ETF Operations|

As someone who has spent considerable time in the ETF landscape, we feel a deep sense of gratitude for the opportunity to share insights on so-called, “ETF inside baseball.” These concepts rarely see the light of day but can significantly impact aspiring ETF entrepreneurs and ETF consumers (i.e., individuals, institutions, advisors, and so forth)). One of my teammates, Patrick Cleary, put together a great article that sheds light on the complexities and implications associated with a key decision all ETF operators need to figure out:

Do I serve as an Advisor to the ETF or the Sub-Advisor to the ETF?

A link to his article, “We want to launch an ETF. Should I be the ETF Advisor or Sub-Advisor?,” is here.

Why is this decision important, and why should you care? Well, while the title of, “Advisor,” may seem appealing and influential, it’s crucial to recognize that this position brings higher costs, greater responsibilities, and significant liability to ETF operators. Advisors must navigate a complex web of compliance requirements and operational oversight, making their role far more demanding than that of a sub-advisor, who typically operates with defined responsibilities and a more limited risk exposure.

Patrick’s article does an excellent job of clarifying the legal framework surrounding ETFs, particularly the Investment Company Act of 1940. It emphasizes that control ultimately lies with the Board of Trustees—not the Advisor. This distinction is vital for potential ETF issuers, as it underscores the fiduciary responsibilities they will need to navigate. This distinction is also significant for ETF consumers because it highlights that the ETF corporate governance structures are designed to protect shareholders and not the profit interests of the ETF issuer.

About the Author: Wesley Gray, PhD

Wesley Gray, PhD
After serving as a Captain in the United States Marine Corps, Dr. Gray earned an MBA and a PhD in finance from the University of Chicago where he studied under Nobel Prize Winner Eugene Fama. Next, Wes took an academic job in his wife’s hometown of Philadelphia and worked as a finance professor at Drexel University. Dr. Gray’s interest in bridging the research gap between academia and industry led him to found Alpha Architect, an asset management firm dedicated to an impact mission of empowering investors through education. He is a contributor to multiple industry publications and regularly speaks to professional investor groups across the country. Wes has published multiple academic papers and four books, including Embedded (Naval Institute Press, 2009), Quantitative Value (Wiley, 2012), DIY Financial Advisor (Wiley, 2015), and Quantitative Momentum (Wiley, 2016). Dr. Gray currently resides in Palmas Del Mar Puerto Rico with his wife and three children. He recently finished the Leadville 100 ultramarathon race and promises to make better life decisions in the future.

Important Disclosures

For informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as specific investment, accounting, legal, or tax advice. Certain information is deemed to be reliable, but its accuracy and completeness cannot be guaranteed. Third party information may become outdated or otherwise superseded without notice.  Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) nor any other federal or state agency has approved, determined the accuracy, or confirmed the adequacy of this article.

The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Alpha Architect, its affiliates or its employees. Our full disclosures are available here. Definitions of common statistics used in our analysis are available here (towards the bottom).

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